以下是引用德瑞克在2007-10-13 0:21:00的发言：
忘了提一件事,当时萧教练也用此心法 教我练台内挑打. 真的 道理是相同的.
右脚先踩住,身体带拍(臂)加速(手千万不能快 要慢 有个停顿) 然后出手. 这个手停顿 就是手臂接收身体力量的过程.如果你一上前 手一伸就打 估计是没什么鞭打发力的 这球就软了. 我这也想起来 我那位体院学生陪练 当时也教我手要慢一点 原来是这么一个道理. 依照這個心法 我台內挑打力量又提升了 爆阿..
當然 這只是基本功, 還得有好的步伐跟預判. 右腳一慢 只好急忙出手 怎麼樣也爆不了.
Sunday, October 28, 2007
Thursday, October 25, 2007
业余直板正胶打法入门
一位朋友向我推荐了一篇文章，2006年第八期乒乓世界，业余直板正胶打法入门，我觉得对我有用。比较系统地分析了正胶的特点及业余打法的要点。
实在报歉得很，是第八期。
业余直板正胶打法入门
直板正胶打法近几年对我们来说是越来越陌生了。正胶打法从上个世纪建国以来就是中国的主流打法，在历届世界大赛中，直板正胶运动员取得了令人瞩目的成绩。从上世纪90年代开始，弧圈球技术的飞速发展导致了横板两面拉球打法一边倒的局面，直板正胶打法从此受到压制。如今正胶打法的培养和发展成为我们研究的新课题，如何才能让中国的传统打法再次发扬光大，这对我们来说的确是一个大的挑战。对乒乓球有所了解的人都知道：正胶打法的技术难度大，不容易出成绩，不过通过多年来我们对正胶打法的研究，积累了丰富的经验。从专业的角度上看，直板正胶打法还需要不断创新，但是对于业余乒乓球爱好者来说，直板正胶打法依然具有很强的诱惑力。
技术：体现速度与变化的优势
正胶胶皮与反胶胶皮的性能有很大差别。反胶的胶皮黏性强，摩擦球好，旋转很强；正胶胶皮则没有黏性，因此在制造旋转上不是长项，但正胶胶皮不容易吃旋转，击球的速度快，弧线十分低平。因此，正胶胶皮的特性决定了选手的技术风格必须以近台、中近台的攻防为主。打好扎实的基本功是提高技术水平最重要的前提条件。对于直板正胶打法，由于胶皮的性能，因此进攻技术多以直接撞击为主，这就对每个选手的自身素质提出了更高的要求。
正胶选手练习基本功是个艰苦的过程，要付出更多的努力。总体来说，正胶打法的拍形变化是重点，根据不同的旋转要随时调整拍形，尤其是处理上旋球的过程中，不能压得过低，接触球体的中部或中部偏上位置，必须要充分撞击，在击球的瞬间可以略加摩擦，制造一定的弧线。在练习过程中还要注重腰的动作，要以腰带手，使击球动作更加稳定。击球点是直板正胶打法的另一个要点，要保证在身前击球，既不能太靠前，用胳膊够球，也不能太靠后，被来球顶住，无论是正手攻还是反手推挡，手臂要与腰部成为一个整体，不能脱节。
突击：撞击为主，摩擦为辅
进攻技术是正胶打法重要的得分手段，比如突击下旋球。在练习过程中，我们要掌握以下几个要点：第一，突击技术要求动作要小巧，击球前首先要判断对方来球的旋转强度，击球时将拍面略微上仰，触球的中部或中部偏下的位置，向前上方发力，当接触球后，手腕突然向前转动，加一个小摩擦，制造一定的旋转和弧线。第二，突击技术难度比较大，需要长时间的练习来找到击球的感觉，特别是根据不同旋转强度的下旋球，要掌握撞击球和摩擦球转换的时机。第三，突击与拉球是不同的，突击在引拍时前臂的位置比拉球要高一些，必须在来球的上升后期或最高点击球。如果前臂在引拍时过低，那么就很难找到最佳的击球点。第四，突击在接触球的时候一定要带有摩擦，要依靠手的食指和中指在触球瞬间来调整拍形。第五，突击的优势就是速度快，要想突出速度，就要在击球一瞬间，前臂果断、快速地收缩。通常力量可以抵消一定的旋转，而力量和速度是成正比的，因此突击技术在瞬间转腰以及前臂突然加速收缩的过程中可以释放巨大的爆发力，当来球旋转较强的时候可以靠撞击把球打过去。第六，在完整的击球动作中，腰部动作起了决定性作用。击球前要用腰带手，完成引拍动作。触球时腰部要快速转动，增大击球的力量。击球后，靠腰部带动手臂还原，准备好连续进攻。
快拉：发力摩擦，把球拉短
在正手进攻技术中，除了可以采取突击的方式来回球，还可以采用正手快拉技术，我们通常称这项技术为“正胶小弧圈”。当对方来球为半出台球时，如果贸然突击容易造成失误，那么我们可以在来球的下降初期拉一板小弧圈。与反胶拉球不同，正胶拉球时，拍面不能压得太平，而是将球拍稍稍立起，发力方向相对更加向上。由于正胶胶皮没有黏性，那么就要求在击球的瞬间加强转腰的力度以及加快前臂收缩的速度，通过瞬间强烈的摩擦来制造旋转。拉球时，整体动作的幅度较小，可以适当加入手腕的转动，以增加对球的摩擦力。但初学者可以先不加入手腕的动作，因为手腕过于灵活不容易找到最佳的击球点，还会导致无法顺畅地发力。正胶拉球的技术难度比反胶拉球更大，但是正胶拉球的弧线更加低平，落到对方台面的时候球并不太向上走，而是往下掉，这样拉球的弧线比较短，对方在防守的时候不易借力，因此正胶拉球虽然没有很强的前冲力，但是凭借弧线的优势可以为下一板的连续进攻创造良好的机会。在业余选手的训练中，可以更多地加强正手拉球的技能，这种技术在实战中既可以保证命中率，又具有很大的威胁。
正手快挡：身体迎前，前臂小幅收缩
正手在防守弧圈球的时候有多种方法，当具有一定基本功的时候，可以练习正手快挡弧圈球。正手挡的时候要注重腰的运用，不要拉手，通过腰部小幅度向后转动带动手臂完成引拍。触球时，前臂收缩的幅度很小，靠腰的力量把球顶住。此外，防守弧圈球时一定要保证拍形相对固定，接触来球中部偏上的位置，这样防守弧圈球的方式非常稳健，而且更容易找到合理的击球点。正手防守主要靠借力，尤其是在防守对方弧圈球的时候，要先向前“推”，然后再小幅度收缩前臂，击球点比较靠前，这样可以加快回球的速度。
台内球：手腕动作是关键
台内技术是直板打法必须要掌握的优势技术。直板正胶的摆短技术比较容易掌握，因为正胶胶皮的弹性较小，在击球时不容易冒高，在摆短摩擦时弧线更短、更低一些。摆短前，球拍拍面上仰，手腕向怀中内收。接触球的瞬间，手腕突然向外送出，加强摩擦，这样可以起到很好的控制作用。正胶打法的台内挑打技术具有更强的攻击性，因为正胶挑打的动作与反胶台内挑是有一些区别的：反胶的胶皮黏性强，因此挑打的时候摩擦的成分会更多一些，而正胶台内挑打的击打成分更多一些。正胶挑打时要抓住要点：当对方发下旋短球时，首先将球拍拍面稍稍上仰，插入到来球的中下部。击球时接触来球的中部或中部偏下位置，靠前臂和手腕的爆发力将球击出；触球后，手腕迅速翻转，使回球的弧线变短。
反手推、挤：改变旋转，落点为重
直板正胶的反手技术非常灵活，比如推挤、侧切以及减力吸，通过灵活的变化可以随意改变回球的旋转和节奏，尤其在接发球环节具有相当的优势：当对方发侧下旋长球时，正胶选手可以用反手侧挤将球推过去，推挤时要多向侧上方发力，充分摩擦来球，这样回球的方式可以使回球的弧线很低平，并带有一定的侧旋，手感好的选手可以使推挤过去的球落向对方球台后并不出台，这种回球的力量虽然不大，但是对方并不容易借力，这样就给对方造成了一定威胁。
战术：积极上手，以变取胜
由于胶皮的性能，正胶打法的风格要在近台才能发挥出优势。所以在技战术的训练中要以近台技术为出发点，突出速度和落点的优势。目前在年轻的业余选手中，直板正胶打法的选手并不多见，而很多中年的业余爱好者则是正胶打法的拥护者。因为年龄因素，从步法的跑动上、击球动作的连续性上有很大的局限性。那么在技战术套路上我们要总结出适合业余选手的实用组合。制定技战术套路的原则就是要多变，主要是速度的变化、落点的变化、节奏的变化、旋转的变化。在变的同时还可以以巧取胜，比如直板正胶的滑板，这项技术是我们老一辈直板正胶运动员的长项。
发抢：敢于从长球突破。
从专业的角度来看，直板正胶打法要突出凶狠的技术风格，这就要求选手具备良好的步伐，还要有超常的进攻意识，但这样的技术风格并不一定适合所有的业余选手。那么对于业余选手来说，根据自身的身体素质，适当地加强进攻，以变化为主，则柔并济才是最佳的训练思路。业余选手的基本功相对较差，正手的进攻技术还不扎实，尤其是对下旋球的进攻并不容易掌握，那么在发球抢攻的套路练习中，可以多发一些侧下旋急长球，盯住对方的两个大角，诱使对方先上手，但是要遏制对方高质量的上手，从而在后续的上旋相持中占据主动。以对方底线长球后，如果对方直接接发球抢攻，那么他并不容易发力暴冲，通常会拉一板高吊弧圈球。一量对方拉球，可以在来球的上升期直接击打，这种回球方式的速度快，力量比较大，可以给对手千万不小的威胁。对付对方的高吊弧圈球也可以采用正手快挡，在击球瞬间突然变换落点，这种回球的方式虽然力量不大，但是速度快落点刁，会扰乱对方的节凑。如果对方拉球到自己的反手位，则可以直接挤切一板，这样对方很难连续进攻。反手挤切之后要迅速调整站位，准备好下一板采用正手攻球反击。正胶打法抢攻的意义更为广泛，并不一定在发球后进行强攻，只要能占据主动就是目的。在业余正胶打法的实战中，我们经常可以看到发球抢推的战术套路，同样是非常有效的得分手段。
接发球：注重落点，提高防转攻的能力
直板正胶的接发球环节相对难度更大一些，由于正胶打法被除数局限到了中近台，而正胶胶皮的特性导致摩擦难度较大，因此在接发球环节不如反胶打法稳健。当对方发长球时，贸然发力抢攻很容易导致失误，因此接发球的方式要适当有所变化。接发球时，面对对方的下旋长球或侧下旋长球，可以采用中等力量的方式突击或快拉的方式回球。这两种方式回球都要以落点变化为重点，保证回球的命中率。在侧身采取中等力量突击的时候，要适当减小击球动作的幅度，更多地依靠腰部力量，手腕动作 要清晰、简洁，准确判断对方发球的旋转，在来球的最高点击球。而采用快拉的时候，要在来球的上升期击球，引拍动作要小巧，击球瞬间要打开拍形，充分摩擦。实战中，对方经常会发侧旋长球到正胶选手的反手位，在来不及侧身的情况下可以采用反手推的技术果断回球。反手推挡的技巧很多，通过拍形变化和发力方向的变化，正胶打法可以推出不同的旋转，采用反手回接球的时候可以适当凶狠一些。首先在推挡时尽量在在来球的上升后期击球，这样可以很好地借来球的力量；随后要判断准确来球的旋转。如果对方发球略带下旋，接发球时可以略微将拍面上仰，向左前上方发力。触球时，通过腰部转动带动手臂，前臂突然送出，靠腰部和前臂的爆发力来充分摩擦球，克服对方发球的旋转。回球落点同样非常重要，既然在力量上无法战据优势，那么在旋转和落点上要能够压制对方，随后反击。
对于对方所发的近网短球，正胶选手可以采用多种回球方式。首先正胶的挑打威胁很大，力量大速度快。通常业余选手发短球的时候不易充分发力，因此发球的旋转强度较差。正胶选手在挑打时，可以适当接触来球的中部位置，直接向前发力。此外正胶选手还可以摆短，正胶摆短期聚落可以制造出更低、更短的弧线，使对方无法顺畅地直接发球抢攻。除了挑找、摆短期聚落，接短球的方式也可以灵活变化，比如采用抹、撇的技术，充分调动对方。
虽然是业余选手，我们可以参考国内高水平运动员的一些打球技巧，比如刘国梁的正手快拉非常有威胁，他在防守对方弧圈球的时候可以反手发力快挤直线。这些技术在实战中是他重要的得分手段。业余直板正胶打法训练方案的制订要切合实际，要凶狠结合，要加强防守技术以及防守转攻的能力，在单项技术的训练中培养良好的手感，掌握拍形的灵活变化。
实在报歉得很，是第八期。
业余直板正胶打法入门
直板正胶打法近几年对我们来说是越来越陌生了。正胶打法从上个世纪建国以来就是中国的主流打法，在历届世界大赛中，直板正胶运动员取得了令人瞩目的成绩。从上世纪90年代开始，弧圈球技术的飞速发展导致了横板两面拉球打法一边倒的局面，直板正胶打法从此受到压制。如今正胶打法的培养和发展成为我们研究的新课题，如何才能让中国的传统打法再次发扬光大，这对我们来说的确是一个大的挑战。对乒乓球有所了解的人都知道：正胶打法的技术难度大，不容易出成绩，不过通过多年来我们对正胶打法的研究，积累了丰富的经验。从专业的角度上看，直板正胶打法还需要不断创新，但是对于业余乒乓球爱好者来说，直板正胶打法依然具有很强的诱惑力。
技术：体现速度与变化的优势
正胶胶皮与反胶胶皮的性能有很大差别。反胶的胶皮黏性强，摩擦球好，旋转很强；正胶胶皮则没有黏性，因此在制造旋转上不是长项，但正胶胶皮不容易吃旋转，击球的速度快，弧线十分低平。因此，正胶胶皮的特性决定了选手的技术风格必须以近台、中近台的攻防为主。打好扎实的基本功是提高技术水平最重要的前提条件。对于直板正胶打法，由于胶皮的性能，因此进攻技术多以直接撞击为主，这就对每个选手的自身素质提出了更高的要求。
正胶选手练习基本功是个艰苦的过程，要付出更多的努力。总体来说，正胶打法的拍形变化是重点，根据不同的旋转要随时调整拍形，尤其是处理上旋球的过程中，不能压得过低，接触球体的中部或中部偏上位置，必须要充分撞击，在击球的瞬间可以略加摩擦，制造一定的弧线。在练习过程中还要注重腰的动作，要以腰带手，使击球动作更加稳定。击球点是直板正胶打法的另一个要点，要保证在身前击球，既不能太靠前，用胳膊够球，也不能太靠后，被来球顶住，无论是正手攻还是反手推挡，手臂要与腰部成为一个整体，不能脱节。
突击：撞击为主，摩擦为辅
进攻技术是正胶打法重要的得分手段，比如突击下旋球。在练习过程中，我们要掌握以下几个要点：第一，突击技术要求动作要小巧，击球前首先要判断对方来球的旋转强度，击球时将拍面略微上仰，触球的中部或中部偏下的位置，向前上方发力，当接触球后，手腕突然向前转动，加一个小摩擦，制造一定的旋转和弧线。第二，突击技术难度比较大，需要长时间的练习来找到击球的感觉，特别是根据不同旋转强度的下旋球，要掌握撞击球和摩擦球转换的时机。第三，突击与拉球是不同的，突击在引拍时前臂的位置比拉球要高一些，必须在来球的上升后期或最高点击球。如果前臂在引拍时过低，那么就很难找到最佳的击球点。第四，突击在接触球的时候一定要带有摩擦，要依靠手的食指和中指在触球瞬间来调整拍形。第五，突击的优势就是速度快，要想突出速度，就要在击球一瞬间，前臂果断、快速地收缩。通常力量可以抵消一定的旋转，而力量和速度是成正比的，因此突击技术在瞬间转腰以及前臂突然加速收缩的过程中可以释放巨大的爆发力，当来球旋转较强的时候可以靠撞击把球打过去。第六，在完整的击球动作中，腰部动作起了决定性作用。击球前要用腰带手，完成引拍动作。触球时腰部要快速转动，增大击球的力量。击球后，靠腰部带动手臂还原，准备好连续进攻。
快拉：发力摩擦，把球拉短
在正手进攻技术中，除了可以采取突击的方式来回球，还可以采用正手快拉技术，我们通常称这项技术为“正胶小弧圈”。当对方来球为半出台球时，如果贸然突击容易造成失误，那么我们可以在来球的下降初期拉一板小弧圈。与反胶拉球不同，正胶拉球时，拍面不能压得太平，而是将球拍稍稍立起，发力方向相对更加向上。由于正胶胶皮没有黏性，那么就要求在击球的瞬间加强转腰的力度以及加快前臂收缩的速度，通过瞬间强烈的摩擦来制造旋转。拉球时，整体动作的幅度较小，可以适当加入手腕的转动，以增加对球的摩擦力。但初学者可以先不加入手腕的动作，因为手腕过于灵活不容易找到最佳的击球点，还会导致无法顺畅地发力。正胶拉球的技术难度比反胶拉球更大，但是正胶拉球的弧线更加低平，落到对方台面的时候球并不太向上走，而是往下掉，这样拉球的弧线比较短，对方在防守的时候不易借力，因此正胶拉球虽然没有很强的前冲力，但是凭借弧线的优势可以为下一板的连续进攻创造良好的机会。在业余选手的训练中，可以更多地加强正手拉球的技能，这种技术在实战中既可以保证命中率，又具有很大的威胁。
正手快挡：身体迎前，前臂小幅收缩
正手在防守弧圈球的时候有多种方法，当具有一定基本功的时候，可以练习正手快挡弧圈球。正手挡的时候要注重腰的运用，不要拉手，通过腰部小幅度向后转动带动手臂完成引拍。触球时，前臂收缩的幅度很小，靠腰的力量把球顶住。此外，防守弧圈球时一定要保证拍形相对固定，接触来球中部偏上的位置，这样防守弧圈球的方式非常稳健，而且更容易找到合理的击球点。正手防守主要靠借力，尤其是在防守对方弧圈球的时候，要先向前“推”，然后再小幅度收缩前臂，击球点比较靠前，这样可以加快回球的速度。
台内球：手腕动作是关键
台内技术是直板打法必须要掌握的优势技术。直板正胶的摆短技术比较容易掌握，因为正胶胶皮的弹性较小，在击球时不容易冒高，在摆短摩擦时弧线更短、更低一些。摆短前，球拍拍面上仰，手腕向怀中内收。接触球的瞬间，手腕突然向外送出，加强摩擦，这样可以起到很好的控制作用。正胶打法的台内挑打技术具有更强的攻击性，因为正胶挑打的动作与反胶台内挑是有一些区别的：反胶的胶皮黏性强，因此挑打的时候摩擦的成分会更多一些，而正胶台内挑打的击打成分更多一些。正胶挑打时要抓住要点：当对方发下旋短球时，首先将球拍拍面稍稍上仰，插入到来球的中下部。击球时接触来球的中部或中部偏下位置，靠前臂和手腕的爆发力将球击出；触球后，手腕迅速翻转，使回球的弧线变短。
反手推、挤：改变旋转，落点为重
直板正胶的反手技术非常灵活，比如推挤、侧切以及减力吸，通过灵活的变化可以随意改变回球的旋转和节奏，尤其在接发球环节具有相当的优势：当对方发侧下旋长球时，正胶选手可以用反手侧挤将球推过去，推挤时要多向侧上方发力，充分摩擦来球，这样回球的方式可以使回球的弧线很低平，并带有一定的侧旋，手感好的选手可以使推挤过去的球落向对方球台后并不出台，这种回球的力量虽然不大，但是对方并不容易借力，这样就给对方造成了一定威胁。
战术：积极上手，以变取胜
由于胶皮的性能，正胶打法的风格要在近台才能发挥出优势。所以在技战术的训练中要以近台技术为出发点，突出速度和落点的优势。目前在年轻的业余选手中，直板正胶打法的选手并不多见，而很多中年的业余爱好者则是正胶打法的拥护者。因为年龄因素，从步法的跑动上、击球动作的连续性上有很大的局限性。那么在技战术套路上我们要总结出适合业余选手的实用组合。制定技战术套路的原则就是要多变，主要是速度的变化、落点的变化、节奏的变化、旋转的变化。在变的同时还可以以巧取胜，比如直板正胶的滑板，这项技术是我们老一辈直板正胶运动员的长项。
发抢：敢于从长球突破。
从专业的角度来看，直板正胶打法要突出凶狠的技术风格，这就要求选手具备良好的步伐，还要有超常的进攻意识，但这样的技术风格并不一定适合所有的业余选手。那么对于业余选手来说，根据自身的身体素质，适当地加强进攻，以变化为主，则柔并济才是最佳的训练思路。业余选手的基本功相对较差，正手的进攻技术还不扎实，尤其是对下旋球的进攻并不容易掌握，那么在发球抢攻的套路练习中，可以多发一些侧下旋急长球，盯住对方的两个大角，诱使对方先上手，但是要遏制对方高质量的上手，从而在后续的上旋相持中占据主动。以对方底线长球后，如果对方直接接发球抢攻，那么他并不容易发力暴冲，通常会拉一板高吊弧圈球。一量对方拉球，可以在来球的上升期直接击打，这种回球方式的速度快，力量比较大，可以给对手千万不小的威胁。对付对方的高吊弧圈球也可以采用正手快挡，在击球瞬间突然变换落点，这种回球的方式虽然力量不大，但是速度快落点刁，会扰乱对方的节凑。如果对方拉球到自己的反手位，则可以直接挤切一板，这样对方很难连续进攻。反手挤切之后要迅速调整站位，准备好下一板采用正手攻球反击。正胶打法抢攻的意义更为广泛，并不一定在发球后进行强攻，只要能占据主动就是目的。在业余正胶打法的实战中，我们经常可以看到发球抢推的战术套路，同样是非常有效的得分手段。
接发球：注重落点，提高防转攻的能力
直板正胶的接发球环节相对难度更大一些，由于正胶打法被除数局限到了中近台，而正胶胶皮的特性导致摩擦难度较大，因此在接发球环节不如反胶打法稳健。当对方发长球时，贸然发力抢攻很容易导致失误，因此接发球的方式要适当有所变化。接发球时，面对对方的下旋长球或侧下旋长球，可以采用中等力量的方式突击或快拉的方式回球。这两种方式回球都要以落点变化为重点，保证回球的命中率。在侧身采取中等力量突击的时候，要适当减小击球动作的幅度，更多地依靠腰部力量，手腕动作 要清晰、简洁，准确判断对方发球的旋转，在来球的最高点击球。而采用快拉的时候，要在来球的上升期击球，引拍动作要小巧，击球瞬间要打开拍形，充分摩擦。实战中，对方经常会发侧旋长球到正胶选手的反手位，在来不及侧身的情况下可以采用反手推的技术果断回球。反手推挡的技巧很多，通过拍形变化和发力方向的变化，正胶打法可以推出不同的旋转，采用反手回接球的时候可以适当凶狠一些。首先在推挡时尽量在在来球的上升后期击球，这样可以很好地借来球的力量；随后要判断准确来球的旋转。如果对方发球略带下旋，接发球时可以略微将拍面上仰，向左前上方发力。触球时，通过腰部转动带动手臂，前臂突然送出，靠腰部和前臂的爆发力来充分摩擦球，克服对方发球的旋转。回球落点同样非常重要，既然在力量上无法战据优势，那么在旋转和落点上要能够压制对方，随后反击。
对于对方所发的近网短球，正胶选手可以采用多种回球方式。首先正胶的挑打威胁很大，力量大速度快。通常业余选手发短球的时候不易充分发力，因此发球的旋转强度较差。正胶选手在挑打时，可以适当接触来球的中部位置，直接向前发力。此外正胶选手还可以摆短，正胶摆短期聚落可以制造出更低、更短的弧线，使对方无法顺畅地直接发球抢攻。除了挑找、摆短期聚落，接短球的方式也可以灵活变化，比如采用抹、撇的技术，充分调动对方。
虽然是业余选手，我们可以参考国内高水平运动员的一些打球技巧，比如刘国梁的正手快拉非常有威胁，他在防守对方弧圈球的时候可以反手发力快挤直线。这些技术在实战中是他重要的得分手段。业余直板正胶打法训练方案的制订要切合实际，要凶狠结合，要加强防守技术以及防守转攻的能力，在单项技术的训练中培养良好的手感，掌握拍形的灵活变化。
Tuesday, October 16, 2007
ns 2.2x installing problem on FC6
Sampath N Ranasinghe sampath.ranasinghe at kcl.ac.uk
Wed Jul 25 03:58:35 PDT 2007
Previous message: [ns] ns 2.2x installing problem
Next message: [ns] How to Install FHCF on NS-2
Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi ,
I include below information regarding the patching of ns-2.28 for the
new version of the bash obtained from a website a few months back.
-----------------------------------------------------
Hi,
Yeah, I successfully installed ns-allinone-2.29.2 on FC5 but after
slightly modifying the whole package. First, I updated the Tcl and Tk
sources to the 8.4.13 (you can grab a copy from sf.net). Then you'll
have to modify the configure files (Tcl, Tk, OTcl and TclCL) in this way:
cp -v configure{,.orig}
sed "s/relid'/relid/" configure.orig > configure
--------------------------------------------------------
I hope this information will be useful
Kind Regards,
Sampath
Note by David:
Do the above a few times every time you saw similar error
--------------------------
Hi
I have been able to solve the problem (./sctp/sctp.h:630: error: extra
qualification 'SctpAgent::' on member 'DumpSendBuffer'
make: *** [trace/trace.o] Error 1 ) & install the package by editing line
630 of file sctp.h
The original line was void SctpAgent::DumpSendBuffer();
which was edited to void DumpSendBuffer(); ,thus removing the "extra
qualification"
The error occured in few more files down the make process & each time the
above steps were repeated to rectify the problem. The solution was found at
http://wiki.frugalware.org/Extra_qualification_error
Regards
Sandeep
On 9/24/06, Sandeep Natu wrote:
>
> Hi Everyone,
> I am trying to install ns-2-snapshot-20050907 and have the following error
> on running "make"
>
> ./sctp/sctp.h:630: error: extra qualification 'SctpAgent::' on member
> 'DumpSendBuffer'
> make: *** [trace/trace.o] Error 1
>
> I will be grateful if anybody can guide me to resolve this problem
> Regards
> Sandeep
>
>
Wed Jul 25 03:58:35 PDT 2007
Previous message: [ns] ns 2.2x installing problem
Next message: [ns] How to Install FHCF on NS-2
Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi ,
I include below information regarding the patching of ns-2.28 for the
new version of the bash obtained from a website a few months back.
-----------------------------------------------------
Hi,
Yeah, I successfully installed ns-allinone-2.29.2 on FC5 but after
slightly modifying the whole package. First, I updated the Tcl and Tk
sources to the 8.4.13 (you can grab a copy from sf.net). Then you'll
have to modify the configure files (Tcl, Tk, OTcl and TclCL) in this way:
cp -v configure{,.orig}
sed "s/relid'/relid/" configure.orig > configure
--------------------------------------------------------
I hope this information will be useful
Kind Regards,
Sampath
Note by David:
Do the above a few times every time you saw similar error
--------------------------
Hi
I have been able to solve the problem (./sctp/sctp.h:630: error: extra
qualification 'SctpAgent::' on member 'DumpSendBuffer'
make: *** [trace/trace.o] Error 1 ) & install the package by editing line
630 of file sctp.h
The original line was void SctpAgent::DumpSendBuffer();
which was edited to void DumpSendBuffer(); ,thus removing the "extra
qualification"
The error occured in few more files down the make process & each time the
above steps were repeated to rectify the problem. The solution was found at
http://wiki.frugalware.org/Extra_qualification_error
Regards
Sandeep
On 9/24/06, Sandeep Natu
>
> Hi Everyone,
> I am trying to install ns-2-snapshot-20050907 and have the following error
> on running "make"
>
> ./sctp/sctp.h:630: error: extra qualification 'SctpAgent::' on member
> 'DumpSendBuffer'
> make: *** [trace/trace.o] Error 1
>
> I will be grateful if anybody can guide me to resolve this problem
> Regards
> Sandeep
>
>
Saturday, October 06, 2007
Producing Reliable PDF Documents
Producing Reliable PDF Documents
These guidelines are designed to help you make sure that you can produce reliable PDF documents, so that the paper you submit to ISMIR 2005 will print correctly for the reviewers and in the ISMIR 2005 proceedings.
Disclaimer: We believe these guidelines are correct according to the latest versions of the various tools, but if in doubt please consult the documentation for the PDF (and PostScript) tools you are using.
Contents of this page:
Introduction
Producing PDF from LaTeX
Producing PDF from Word
Converting PostScript to PDF
Testing your PDF output
Further Information
Introduction
Most of the time, PDF documents (sometimes know as "Adobe Acrobat" documents) are a very convenint way to distribute documents. However, sometimes the way that PDF documents use fonts can lead to problems.
In particular, if fonts are not "embedded" (included in the document itself) then it may not print correctly. This will be particularly true when the proceedings are printed, since print shop printers typically contain only the basic fonts required.
To make sure that your PDF submission will print as you intend, you must
Use "Type 1" Fonts (not "Type 3" fonts)
"Embed" and "subset" all fonts when producing the PDF
If you do not, you may get one or more of the following problems when your paper is viewed by the reviewers, or printed in the proceedings:
Occasional characters may be wrong (e.g. "£" instead of "fi")
Some characters may be missing (e.g. mathmatical symbols)
The paper will show "blocky" low quality characters when displayed on the screen or printed.
Some fonts (e.g. "Times-Roman", "Courier") are expected to be available on all PDF devices and are not normally embedded. These are called the "Base 14" fonts. However, for maximum portability you should also embed and subset even these fonts.
Producing reliable PDF files from LaTeX
Use the following template to prepare your paper:
LaTeX Template Package (ZIP file)
You can produce your PDF document through one of 2 main routes:
Traditional LaTeX route: to dvi, dvi to PostScript, PostScript to PDF
pdfLaTeX route: direct to PDF
1. Traditional LaTeX route
This more "traditional" route involves 3 steps. For most Unix systems, with your LaTeX file called "mypaper.tex", use the following commands:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
latex mypaper
dvips -Ppdf -G0 -ta4 mypaper
ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer
-dCompatibilityLevel=1.3 -dMaxSubsetPct=100
-dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true
-sPAPERSIZE=a4 mypaper.ps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NB: The "ps2pdf" command above should be typed all on one line.
Alternatively, the last step (converting from PostScript to PDF) can be performed using GSview or Adobe Distiller, with the correct options. For more information see Converting PostScript to PDF below.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
2. pdfLaTeX route
pdfLaTeX (pdfTeX) can directly create PDF files from TeX source. However, this will require that you have all graphics/images of your document available in PDF format.
This route should produce reliable PDF using Type 1 Fonts.
However, by default pdfLaTeX it will not embed and subset the Base 14 fonts by default. For maximum reliability we recommend that you set your pdfTeX configuration to do this.
Michael Shell's testflow documentation recommends the following configuration settings, to make sure Type 1 fonts will be used and the base 14 fonts will be embedded:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pdfTeX's pdftex.cfg configuration file is much like dvips' as fonts are concerned. It is important that the following lines be present and uncommented:
map +bsr.map % CM/AMS fonts
map +bsr-interpolated.map % additional sizes
map +hoekwater.map % additional fonts from Taco Hoekwater
so that the BlueSky Type 1 Computer Modern fonts will be used.
Note: The pdftex.cfg file on some systems (MiKTeX) may not have these lines, but instead uses a "map psfonts.map" line which basically does the same thing as the three above.)
pdfTeX can also be configured to embed the base 14 fonts (Nimbus) by replacing the line (usually the first of the map lines to appear in pdftex.cfg):
map acrobat-std-adobe-buildin.map
with:
map acrobat-std-urw-kb.map
This basically tells pdfTeX to use and embed the Nimbus fonts instead of relying on the (substituted) fonts that are built into Acrobat Reader.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information, see testflow_doc.txt in the testflow diagnostic suite.
Once completed, Test you PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Producing reliable PDF from Microsoft Word
Use the following template to prepare your paper:
Word Template Package (ZIPfile)
To produce the PDF document, you can either:
Print directly to an Adobe PDF file using Acrobat Distiller (Windows) or Create Adobe PDF (Mac) printer driver; or
Print to a PostScript file, then convert to PDF
Note that the old "PDFWriter" printer driver is not recommended.
Printing Directly to Adobe PDF
To print directly to PDF requires a full installation of Adobe Acrobat to be installed.
To embed the Base 14 fonts, use e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting is used. For more details, see your Adobe Acrobat documentation.
Once completed, Test you PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Printing to PostScript and converting to PDF
To print to PostScript, use a PostScript printer driver, e.g. the Adobe PostScript printer driver or a PostScript printer driver from Hewlett Packard.
Once you have your PostScript document, follow the instructions below to Convert PostScript to PDF.
Convering PostScript to PDF
To convert a PostScript document to PDF, you can use e.g.:
Adobe Acrobat Distiller; or
Use ps2pdf from the command line
Use the GSview graphical user interface, selecting the pdfwriter device
Converting PostScript to PDF using Adobe Acrobat Distiller
To embed the Base 14 fonts, use e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting. For more details, see your Adobe Acrobat documentation.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Converting PostScript to PDF using using ps2pdf
To use ps2pdf from the command line, type the following options:
ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer
-dCompatibilityLevel=1.3 -dMaxSubsetPct=100
-dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true
-sPAPERSIZE=a4 mypaper.ps
(This command should be typed all on one line).
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Converting PostScript to PDF using using GSview
Open the PostScript document in GSview.
Choose "Media" and select "A4"
Choose "File / Convert ...".
In the "Convert" dialog, select the device "pdfwrite" (resolution "600" is OK)
Select "Properties" and set the following properties:
PDFSETTINGS
/printer (or /prepress)
CompatibilityLevel 1.3
EmbedAllFonts true
SubsetFonts true
MaxSubsetPct 100
Still in the "Convert" dialog, click "OK", and save the PDF file you want.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Testing your PDF document
To check your PDF files, you can use either pdffonts (part of Xpdf) or Adobe Acrobat.
Testing PDF files with pdffonts
Use the command: pdffonts mypaper.pdf
This will list the fonts included in your document. Check the following:
All fonts have "Type 1", "Type 1C" or "TrueType" in the "type" column
All fonts have "yes" in the "emb" (embedded) column
All fonts have "yes" in the "sub" (subsetted) column
(Don't worry if the names look a bit strange: this is done to make the embedded fonts unique)
Testing PDF files with Adobe Acrobat
Open the PDF document with Adobe Acrobat, select "File" / "Document Properties ..." and select the "Fonts" item. This will list all the fonts in the document. Check the following:
All fonts are listed as "(Embedded Subset)"
All fonts are of type "Type 1", "Type 1C" or "TrueType"
What to do if any Type 3 fonts are shown
You have probably generated you PDF via dvips without the "-Ppdf" option. See Producing reliable PDF files from LaTeX above.
It is also possible that Type 3 fonts were included in figures included in your document. If you think you have used dvips correctly (or created your document in Word) try again without your figures to see if this is the problem.
What to do if any fonts are not embedded
If the Base 14 fonts are not listed as "(Embedded Subset)" your paper will probably print OK on most devices. The Base 14 fonts are:
Times (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Helvetica [Arial] (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Courier (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Symbol
Zapf Dingbats
If any other fonts are not embedded, your document will look to you when viewed on your machine (or others with the same fonts installed), but it is not guaranteed to print correctly on other machines. To check this, turn on 'Use Local Fonts' in Adobe Acrobat, as follows:
Acrobat 5 - "View" menu and ensure the 'Local Fonts' option is not ticked
Acrobat 6 - "Advanced" menu and ensure the 'Local Fonts' option is not ticked
If some symbols or characters disappear (in particular check any mathematical symbols or other special characters), you are not embedding some non-Base 14 fonts, and your paper will not print correctly.
To make sure that your paper will print correctly on any device, we strongly recommend you embed even the Base 14 fonts. Adobe Distiller will embed the Base 14 fonts if e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting is used. The pdfwriter device in ps2pdf / Ghostscript will embed the Base 14 fonts if e.g. the PDFSETTINGS=/printer setting is used.
Further Information
If you are stuck, try one of the following resources (but remember, ISMIR 2005 uses "A4" paper size, not US "letter" paper size that some other conferences use):
Information for Manuscript Preparation from the International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (IEEE)
These are particularly well explained, showing menu settings for graphical user interfaces.
NB: Remember ISMIR 2005 uses "a4" papersize, not "letter" as described in these instructions.
Creating Fastlane PDF files (NSF)
NB: Remember ISMIR 2005 uses "a4" papersize, not "letter" as described in these instructions.
testflow diagnostic suite to test LaTeX print flow. In particular, the file testflow_doc.txt contains very extensive information about PDF font issues.
Adobe Support Knowledgebase: Font handling in Acrobat Distiller
These guidelines are designed to help you make sure that you can produce reliable PDF documents, so that the paper you submit to ISMIR 2005 will print correctly for the reviewers and in the ISMIR 2005 proceedings.
Disclaimer: We believe these guidelines are correct according to the latest versions of the various tools, but if in doubt please consult the documentation for the PDF (and PostScript) tools you are using.
Contents of this page:
Introduction
Producing PDF from LaTeX
Producing PDF from Word
Converting PostScript to PDF
Testing your PDF output
Further Information
Introduction
Most of the time, PDF documents (sometimes know as "Adobe Acrobat" documents) are a very convenint way to distribute documents. However, sometimes the way that PDF documents use fonts can lead to problems.
In particular, if fonts are not "embedded" (included in the document itself) then it may not print correctly. This will be particularly true when the proceedings are printed, since print shop printers typically contain only the basic fonts required.
To make sure that your PDF submission will print as you intend, you must
Use "Type 1" Fonts (not "Type 3" fonts)
"Embed" and "subset" all fonts when producing the PDF
If you do not, you may get one or more of the following problems when your paper is viewed by the reviewers, or printed in the proceedings:
Occasional characters may be wrong (e.g. "£" instead of "fi")
Some characters may be missing (e.g. mathmatical symbols)
The paper will show "blocky" low quality characters when displayed on the screen or printed.
Some fonts (e.g. "Times-Roman", "Courier") are expected to be available on all PDF devices and are not normally embedded. These are called the "Base 14" fonts. However, for maximum portability you should also embed and subset even these fonts.
Producing reliable PDF files from LaTeX
Use the following template to prepare your paper:
LaTeX Template Package (ZIP file)
You can produce your PDF document through one of 2 main routes:
Traditional LaTeX route: to dvi, dvi to PostScript, PostScript to PDF
pdfLaTeX route: direct to PDF
1. Traditional LaTeX route
This more "traditional" route involves 3 steps. For most Unix systems, with your LaTeX file called "mypaper.tex", use the following commands:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
latex mypaper
dvips -Ppdf -G0 -ta4 mypaper
ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer
-dCompatibilityLevel=1.3 -dMaxSubsetPct=100
-dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true
-sPAPERSIZE=a4 mypaper.ps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NB: The "ps2pdf" command above should be typed all on one line.
Alternatively, the last step (converting from PostScript to PDF) can be performed using GSview or Adobe Distiller, with the correct options. For more information see Converting PostScript to PDF below.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
2. pdfLaTeX route
pdfLaTeX (pdfTeX) can directly create PDF files from TeX source. However, this will require that you have all graphics/images of your document available in PDF format.
This route should produce reliable PDF using Type 1 Fonts.
However, by default pdfLaTeX it will not embed and subset the Base 14 fonts by default. For maximum reliability we recommend that you set your pdfTeX configuration to do this.
Michael Shell's testflow documentation recommends the following configuration settings, to make sure Type 1 fonts will be used and the base 14 fonts will be embedded:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pdfTeX's pdftex.cfg configuration file is much like dvips' as fonts are concerned. It is important that the following lines be present and uncommented:
map +bsr.map % CM/AMS fonts
map +bsr-interpolated.map % additional sizes
map +hoekwater.map % additional fonts from Taco Hoekwater
so that the BlueSky Type 1 Computer Modern fonts will be used.
Note: The pdftex.cfg file on some systems (MiKTeX) may not have these lines, but instead uses a "map psfonts.map" line which basically does the same thing as the three above.)
pdfTeX can also be configured to embed the base 14 fonts (Nimbus) by replacing the line (usually the first of the map lines to appear in pdftex.cfg):
map acrobat-std-adobe-buildin.map
with:
map acrobat-std-urw-kb.map
This basically tells pdfTeX to use and embed the Nimbus fonts instead of relying on the (substituted) fonts that are built into Acrobat Reader.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information, see testflow_doc.txt in the testflow diagnostic suite.
Once completed, Test you PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Producing reliable PDF from Microsoft Word
Use the following template to prepare your paper:
Word Template Package (ZIPfile)
To produce the PDF document, you can either:
Print directly to an Adobe PDF file using Acrobat Distiller (Windows) or Create Adobe PDF (Mac) printer driver; or
Print to a PostScript file, then convert to PDF
Note that the old "PDFWriter" printer driver is not recommended.
Printing Directly to Adobe PDF
To print directly to PDF requires a full installation of Adobe Acrobat to be installed.
To embed the Base 14 fonts, use e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting is used. For more details, see your Adobe Acrobat documentation.
Once completed, Test you PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Printing to PostScript and converting to PDF
To print to PostScript, use a PostScript printer driver, e.g. the Adobe PostScript printer driver or a PostScript printer driver from Hewlett Packard.
Once you have your PostScript document, follow the instructions below to Convert PostScript to PDF.
Convering PostScript to PDF
To convert a PostScript document to PDF, you can use e.g.:
Adobe Acrobat Distiller; or
Use ps2pdf from the command line
Use the GSview graphical user interface, selecting the pdfwriter device
Converting PostScript to PDF using Adobe Acrobat Distiller
To embed the Base 14 fonts, use e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting. For more details, see your Adobe Acrobat documentation.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Converting PostScript to PDF using using ps2pdf
To use ps2pdf from the command line, type the following options:
ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer
-dCompatibilityLevel=1.3 -dMaxSubsetPct=100
-dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true
-sPAPERSIZE=a4 mypaper.ps
(This command should be typed all on one line).
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Converting PostScript to PDF using using GSview
Open the PostScript document in GSview.
Choose "Media" and select "A4"
Choose "File / Convert ...".
In the "Convert" dialog, select the device "pdfwrite" (resolution "600" is OK)
Select "Properties" and set the following properties:
PDFSETTINGS
/printer (or /prepress)
CompatibilityLevel 1.3
EmbedAllFonts true
SubsetFonts true
MaxSubsetPct 100
Still in the "Convert" dialog, click "OK", and save the PDF file you want.
Once completed, Test your PDF document to make sure the fonts are embedded correctly.
Testing your PDF document
To check your PDF files, you can use either pdffonts (part of Xpdf) or Adobe Acrobat.
Testing PDF files with pdffonts
Use the command: pdffonts mypaper.pdf
This will list the fonts included in your document. Check the following:
All fonts have "Type 1", "Type 1C" or "TrueType" in the "type" column
All fonts have "yes" in the "emb" (embedded) column
All fonts have "yes" in the "sub" (subsetted) column
(Don't worry if the names look a bit strange: this is done to make the embedded fonts unique)
Testing PDF files with Adobe Acrobat
Open the PDF document with Adobe Acrobat, select "File" / "Document Properties ..." and select the "Fonts" item. This will list all the fonts in the document. Check the following:
All fonts are listed as "(Embedded Subset)"
All fonts are of type "Type 1", "Type 1C" or "TrueType"
What to do if any Type 3 fonts are shown
You have probably generated you PDF via dvips without the "-Ppdf" option. See Producing reliable PDF files from LaTeX above.
It is also possible that Type 3 fonts were included in figures included in your document. If you think you have used dvips correctly (or created your document in Word) try again without your figures to see if this is the problem.
What to do if any fonts are not embedded
If the Base 14 fonts are not listed as "(Embedded Subset)" your paper will probably print OK on most devices. The Base 14 fonts are:
Times (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Helvetica [Arial] (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Courier (regular, bold, italic, bold italic)
Symbol
Zapf Dingbats
If any other fonts are not embedded, your document will look to you when viewed on your machine (or others with the same fonts installed), but it is not guaranteed to print correctly on other machines. To check this, turn on 'Use Local Fonts' in Adobe Acrobat, as follows:
Acrobat 5 - "View" menu and ensure the 'Local Fonts' option is not ticked
Acrobat 6 - "Advanced" menu and ensure the 'Local Fonts' option is not ticked
If some symbols or characters disappear (in particular check any mathematical symbols or other special characters), you are not embedding some non-Base 14 fonts, and your paper will not print correctly.
To make sure that your paper will print correctly on any device, we strongly recommend you embed even the Base 14 fonts. Adobe Distiller will embed the Base 14 fonts if e.g. the "Press Quality" (pre-press) or "High Quality" (printer) conversion setting is used. The pdfwriter device in ps2pdf / Ghostscript will embed the Base 14 fonts if e.g. the PDFSETTINGS=/printer setting is used.
Further Information
If you are stuck, try one of the following resources (but remember, ISMIR 2005 uses "A4" paper size, not US "letter" paper size that some other conferences use):
Information for Manuscript Preparation from the International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (IEEE)
These are particularly well explained, showing menu settings for graphical user interfaces.
NB: Remember ISMIR 2005 uses "a4" papersize, not "letter" as described in these instructions.
Creating Fastlane PDF files (NSF)
NB: Remember ISMIR 2005 uses "a4" papersize, not "letter" as described in these instructions.
testflow diagnostic suite to test LaTeX print flow. In particular, the file testflow_doc.txt contains very extensive information about PDF font issues.
Adobe Support Knowledgebase: Font handling in Acrobat Distiller
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